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Australia PR pathways

Five primary visas lead to Australian permanent residency. Each differs in cost, timeline, geographic constraints, and occupation requirements. Read the pillar analysis for each, or start with the decision framework.

Decision framework

132 closed and 188 narrowed: post-2026 BIIP reality and alternatives

Subclass 132 Business Talent was closed to new applications in 2021, and the 2024 reforms cut BIIP places to 1,000. For business owners and investors who can no longer access these pathways, this article maps the alternatives: skilled visas, the Global Talent 858, and state entrepreneur programs.

Skilled Independent

Points-tested. No sponsor needed.

State Nominated

Nominated by a state or territory.

Regional Provisional

5 years regional, then 191.

Employer Sponsored

ENS — direct PR via employer.

Temp Skilled → PR

2 years work, then transition to 186.

In-depth pathway guides

08 May Subclass 186 ENS: direct entry vs Temporary Residence Transition stream 14 min
25 Apr Subclass 189: complete pathway breakdown for skilled independent migration 14 min
05 May Subclass 190: state nomination, occupation match, and post-arrival obligations 14 min
12 Apr From subclass 482 to 186 PR: how Core Skills reforms changed the transition 14 min
16 Apr Subclass 491 regional provisional: 5-year obligation, 191 transition, and trade-offs 14 min
05 Mar Subclass 188 BIIP: A/B/C/D/E streams after the 2026 reforms 14 min
24 Feb From 188 to 888 PR: nomination, residence, and business performance thresholds 13 min
29 Jan Non-contributory Parent visa 103/804: the 30-year queue reality 12 min
24 Mar Contributory Parent visa 143: cost, wait time, and the balance-of-family test 14 min
18 Dec Subclass 173/884/864: split-payment and aged contributory parent visas 13 min
03 Dec Subclass 309/100 offshore partner visa: applying from outside Australia 13 min
10 Jan Prospective Marriage subclass 300: same-sex, de facto, and marriage pathways 12 min
09 Mar Subclass 820/801 onshore partner visa: from grant to PR 14 min
19 Feb Subclass 858 Global Talent visa: 10 sectors, nominator, and EOI process 13 min